Phytochemical properties and antimicrobial activities of leaf, bark, fruit extracts and silver nanoparticles of Samadera indica Gaertner

The phytochemical and pharmacological studies of leaf, bark and fruit extracts of Samadera indica were carried out on aqueous and methanolic extracts, obtained by soxhlet technique. The qualitative tests showed the presence of carbohydrates, proteins, phenolics, alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, tannins and resins, whereas quantitative estimations of carbohydrate, protein, phenolics and tannins showed that all the parts of plant were rich in proteins and poor in phenolics and have got good quantity of tannins. Among plant parts, bark possessed good quantities of chemical constituents while better extract yield was obtained in aqueous system except for leaf extract. The silver nanoparticles formation were confirmed by change in the colour of the extract from pale yellow to dark brown after two hours of mixing with silver nitrate solution. The UV-Vis spectrum analysis showed the absorption peak of synthesized silver nanoparticle at 500 nm for leaf extract, 350 bark extract and 450 nm for fruit extract. The size of the silver nanoparticles synthesized are of cubic shape with the diameter 124 nm for leaf, 153 nm for fruit, and 340nm for bark silver nanoparticle extracts as obtained by SEM. FTIR analysis showed different peaks in three extracts which indicated the presence of functional groups. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticle extracts with Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella typhi and Staphylococcus aureus at three concentrations exhibited varied effects, but S. aureus showed resistance. Similarly antifungal activity with Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans, methanolic extract showed good activity against C. albicans.